Sixty-four percent of Americans say racism is widespread—yet most oppose new civil rights laws, revealing a gap between recognition and real commitment to racial equity.
Data from a new Gallup poll that asks respondents’ views on racism finds some common ground between Black and white Americans — except when it comes to addressing the problem.
It’s the kind of polling data that gets a “water is wet” side-eye from Black folks. But the results of a recent Gallup poll reveal that when asked whether racism against Black people is “widespread,” nearly two-thirds of Americans now say yes.
Sixty-four percent, to be precise — the same record-high number Gallup recorded in 2021, in the summer of the so-called racial reckoning after George Floyd’s murder. But if Americans think racism is so pervasive, what do they want to do about it?
It turns out, not much.
The Vanishing Appetite for Civil Rights Laws
In our current whitelash reality of Project 2025 and anti-DEI crusades, when even acknowledging racial inequities has become a liability for grade schools and colleges, less than half of America believes the country needs new civil rights laws to reduce discrimination. That’s down 15 points from 2020 after Floyd’s murder.
Stark differences between white and Black Americans show up in the poll results. Nearly 75% of Black adults want new civil rights protections, while just 40% of white adults say new ones are needed.
Gallup has been asking the question “Do you think racism against Black people is or is not widespread in the U.S.?” since 2008. Back then, almost 60% of U.S. adults agreed racism was widespread. By the following year, when hope and change put Barack Obama in the White House as the nation’s first Black president, only 51% said racism was widespread.
By 2015, when a white cop in Ferguson, Missouri, gunned down Michael Brown, an unarmed Black teenager — igniting a wave of protests and turbocharging the Black Lives Matter movement — 60% of Americans said racism was widespread. Since then, the survey results have barely dipped.
Black Americans continue to experience the country differently from other racial groups. Eight in 10 Black adults told Gallup they believe racism is widespread, compared with 61% of white adults and 64% of Hispanic adults.
And when asked about everyday situations — at work, in stores, at the doctor’s office, on the street — whether or not Black folks experience racism is a matter of debate for white America.
Black People and Reality
Seventy-seven percent of Black adults say they are treated less fairly than white people in encounters with police; 59% say the same about how they’re treated in healthcare and around the office. By contrast, just three in 10 white adults say they see Black people treated unfairly on the job.
When it comes to concrete opportunities, the divide between Black folks and everyone else continues. Fifty-five percent of all Americans say Black people have as good a chance to get a job they’re qualified for as white people, and 56% say the same about housing. Those numbers are basically unchanged since 2021, but far below where they stood in the 1990s and early 2000s, when roughly 70% of Americans were far more likely to believe equality had been achieved.
Meanwhile, white adults remain about twice as likely as Black adults to believe job and housing opportunities are equal
Civil Rights, But Make it Relative
Even as most Americans say racism is everywhere, most also say civil rights for Black people have improved in their lifetimes. Sixty-eight percent believe things are “somewhat” or “greatly” better. But optimism is waning
In 2011, at the height of the Obama years, nearly 9 in 10 respondents said Black civil rights had advanced. That sank to 59% in 2020, after George Floyd’s death. Now, 73% of whites say civil rights for Black people have improved, while only 53% of Black people agree.
So what does the data point — that 64% of people who believe racism exists — really tell us? That polls don’t magically solve racism. That Americans can acknowledge anti-Blackness exists without actually having to confront it. That progress hasn’t erased bias in workplaces, hospitals, or during interactions with police.
And that Black folks live in reality, while white communities toggle between recognition and denial.
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Tips for dealing with rising home insurance premiums
By Kerri Anne Renzulli | August 31, 2025
Living in an oceanfront condo on Florida’s Space Coast was Jim McGuigan’s retirement dream, so 12 years ago, he and his wife, Debbie, sold their family home in Orlando and moved to Cocoa Beach. But earlier this year, the couple packed up and moved back inland.
Behind that was insurance. Premiums for the high-rise where they owned a unit had tripled in recent years; that increase, along with repairs necessary to maintain coverage, drove their condo association fees up 141 percent over the same period. The prospect of even higher insurance-related costs prompted the McGuigans’ return to Central Florida, where they’ll spend $4,760 a year less in insurance and fees. “When we bought the condo, I didn’t think I was ever going to move again,” says Jim 66. “But insurance and other things have made the cost of living there too much.”
The McGuigans joined millions of Americans who, in recent years, have been forced to deal with home insurance premium increases and fewer choices as more carriers exit high-risk areas and decline to renew policies.
From 2021 to 2024, premiums rose an average of 24 percent in the U.S. and were higher in 95 percent of ZIP codes, reports the Consumer Federation of America (CFA). While Floridians pay the highest average annual premiums, at $9,462, non-coastal states like Arizona, Illinois, and Pennsylvania saw premiums grow by 44 percent or more. Thanks largely to these increases, nearly 1 in 7 owner-occupied U.S. homes are uninsured, estimates LendingTree. And other homeowners are likely struggling: A Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas study found that mortgage delinquencies increase 8 percent in the year following a typical price hike.
Because mortgage and home equity lenders require insurance, paying these premiums is nonnegotiable for most homeowners. But the following strategies can help reduce how much of your money insurance consumes.
REVIEW COVERAGE
Along with raising your deductible — a standard way to lower premiums — check that your various coverage amounts don’t leave you overinsured. You may be able to tailor your policy’s default limits to reflect just what you have, says Alyssa Bourgeoris, an indedpendent broker with the Marsh McLennan Agency in Metairie, Louisiana. You can try this with other structures coverage, which protects things like fences and detached garages, or with your contents coverage. Before making the change, however, weigh the consequences. “Dropping personal property coverage from 75 percent of your dwelling limit to 25 percent might only save $100 a year,” says Peter O’Keefe, an independent broker with Connor, Alexander and Sullivan in San Francisco. “Do you really want to give up that much coverage to save less than $10 a month?
CHECK THE MARKET
“If you feel like you’re getting a bad deal, shop around,” says Michael DeLong, a research and advocacy associate with CFA. Annual rates from different insurers can vary by $1,000 or more for identical coverage, NerdWallet found. Many insurers make it easy to get a quick quote: Visit their website and plug in some basic information. You can use sites like Insure.com, Policygenius or The Zebra to see offers from multiple carriers simultaneously. Also, your state insurance department may provide rate comparison tools.
If you get a nonrenewal notice from your carrier, start shopping around at once since many states require only 30 days’ notice. “Ask the insurer the reason for the nonrenewal and see if you can make any improvements or changes to keep your insurance,” says Amy Bach, executive director of United Policyholders, a consumer advocacy organization.
GET PROFESSIONAL HELP
Independent insurance agents and brokers can do the legwork of finding better coverage for you; they have access to policies and pricing information from multiple insurance companies, unlike captive agents who represent a single firm. “They can vouch for an insurance company that you may have never heard of,” Bach says. Ask how the broker or agent is compensated so you understand up front any potential biases. Visit trustedchoice.com to find more than 250,000 U.S. independent agents.
WIDEN YOUR SEARCH
If you can’t find good options through regular channels, consider state-created insurers of last resort, like California’s FAIR Plan (for fire insurance) or Louisiana Citizens.
Should one of those not be available, you might even consider non-admitted carriers, which don’t have state insurance licensing and lack guarantees that claims will be paid if they go belly-up. Non-admitted carriers may be riskier, but they must meet state requirements, and many are affiliated with traditional insurers. Mortgage lenders will OK them if they meet their financial standards, typically based on ratings—which are publicly available—from companies such as A.M. Best, De-motech or Standard & Poor’s. Don’t go with a non-admitted carrier unless you research its finances and work with a reputable broker, advises United Policyholders.
LOOK FOR DISCOUNTS
Ask your insurer about any price breaks it offers. Retirees can get up to 10 percent off with some insurers, since they spend more time at home, making them likelier to spot issues quickly. Other insurers offer lower rates to people in specific occupations, like the military or members of certain credit unions or professional associations. Opting for paperless statements and setting up automatic payments may also shave a bit off your premium, as can living in a gated community.
STRENGTHEN YOUR HOME
Improvements that make your home more resistant to risk, like storm shutters, a fire-resistant roof or a reinforced roof, could reduce your premium and give you more insurance carrier options, DeLong says. In some states, insurers are even required to offer discounts to homeowners who show proof they’ve added such features. Homeowners with security systems save between 2 and 15 percent—$100 less on average, according to Policygenius. Before making any upgrades, check that your insurer will reward the change and that it meets the carrier’s requirements.
Your state insurance department may provide grants or other assistance to help offset certain improvement costs, DeLong says. Alabama, for instance, offers homeowners grants of up to $10,000 for roof fortification in select counties.
IMPROVE YOUR CREDIT SCORE
In most states, insurers can set your rates and decline to renew your policy based on your credit history and scores, DeLong says. Rightly or wrongly, homeowners with poor credit scores are viewed as less reliable and so pay higher premiums than those with good scores—as much as 102 percent more, based on data from Policygenius. To help boost your score, make on-time payments, chip away at credit card balances and review your credit report for errors.
SELF-INSURE
Dropping supplemental coverage—like flood or earthquake insurance—or ditching home insurance altogether could save you thousands in the short run but puts your biggest asset at risk. “Without insurance, it’s entirely on you if something goes wrong,” says Dale Porfilio, chief insurance officer for the Insurance Information Institute. Anyone considering this option should have a financial plan for replacing possessions and obtaining housing in the event of a total loss. This may mean setting up a large emergency fund, deciding which assets to sell in a worst-case scenario or sacrificing retirement money. For most, even 20 years of investing saved premiums won’t equal the six-figure fund needed to rebuild entirely. If you have a mortgage on your property and drop coverage, your lender will make you pay for force-placed insurance, which is usually more expensive and protects only the lender’s financial interest, not yours.
CHANGE YOUR SITUATION
If home insurance squeezes your budget so tightly that you’re cutting or charging necessary purchases and constantly dipping into savings, you may no longer be able to afford to live where you do, says Sheryl Hanshaw, who heads the county-run Greenville Financial Empowerment Center in South Carolina. Contact your lender, advises Bruce McClary of the nonprofit National Foundation for Credit Counseling (NFCC). The lender may be able to lower your monthly payments—at least temporarily—though you’ll typically pay more interest and fees over time.
If that isn’t possible, consider selling your home and moving to a place with lower insurance costs, Hanshaw says. But also assess whether, after the change, you’d be better off financially and whether you’d lose what’s important to you, like proximity to your support network. For free advice about your mortgage, find a nonprofit financial counselor via NFCC’s website at nfcc.org, or go to answers.hud.gov/housingcounseling to connect with a local HUD housing counseling agency.
Kerri Anne Renzullihas worked at CNBC and News-week, Money and Financial Planning magazines.
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Skin cancer can appear in unexpected ways, beyond the classic mole warning signs. Learn how to spot “ugly ducklings,” reduce risks, and protect yourself with timely checks
The disease can show up in unexpected ways on your body. Here’s what to look for
By Abby Alten Schwartz | August 31, 2025
CAN I SHOW you one more thing?”
I was at the dermatologist’s office for my semiannual skin check, and he’d just finished the exam. But something was still gnawing at me.
“I have this tiny rough spot on the bridge of my nose. If I scrub it off, it bleeds,” I said.
He looked at it under the magnifying light.
“It could be precancerous. Let’s freeze it and see if it comes back,” he said, spraying it with liquid nitrogen. It did come back, twice, so I made an appointment for a biopsy. I felt only a pinch of the needle numbing the area before the doctor shaved off a thin layer of skin for testing.
A week later he called with the results: squamous cell carcinoma in situ. In situ meant it had not spread past the top layer, but because this early-stage cancer could become invasive, my doctor recommended Mohs surgery to ensure all of it was removed. The following week I had the procedure.
What Is Mohs Surgery? ALSO KNOWN as Mohs micrographic surgery, this procedure—performed under local anesthesia with the patient awake—is successful up to 99 percent of the time for untreated skin cancer (94 percent for reoccurring cancers) and produces minimal scarring. The surgeon removes a thin layer of tissue and, while you wait, examines it under a microscope. The process is repeated until the tissue shows clean margins (no cancer cells remain).
SEE SOMETHING, SAY SOMETHING
My father died of stage 4 melanoma when he was 76, so I take skin cancer seriously. Yet even though I was religious about getting annual exams, it turns out that wasn’t enough. On top of dermatology exams every year (or more frequently, based on your history), monthly self-checks at home are important, says Karen Stolman, M.D., a board-certified dermatologist with Park City Dermatology in Utah and a spokesperson for the Skin Cancer Foundation.
“You’re just looking for something that’s new or unexpected or a change that you don’t think is right for your skin,” Stolman explains. “You don’t have to know what you’re looking at or diagnose it.”
When I began seeing a dermatologist in my early 40s, I was skeptical I’d notice any new moles or marks. But by paying attention, I’ve become familiar with the landscape of my skin. I’m learning that skin cancer (and precancer) can take on a different texture or appearance than the classic signs people are usually told to watch out for.
LOOK FOR THE UGLY DUCKLINGS
Dermatologists have done a pretty good job educating the public about malignant melanoma, says Mix J. Charles, M.D., a board-certified dermatologist and chairman of the department of dermatology at Duly Health and Care in Hinsdale, Illinois. One of the deadliest forms of skin cancer, melanoma often begins as a brown or black mole that becomes larger or irregular. When you google “warning signs of skin cancer,” what you’ll typically get are the ABCDE’s of melanoma:
Asymmetry: Two halves that don’t match
Border: Irregular, scalloped or poorly defined edges
Color: Multiple colors or shades
Diameter: The size of a pencil eraser (can start smaller)
Evolving: Changes in size, shape, color or presentation (itching, bleeding, crusty, raised)
While these signs are important, the two most common types of skin cancer—basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma—typically present in other ways, including:
A reddish irritated area or open sore that persists (may crust, bleed or ooze)
A pearly bump or nodule (clear or pink; may be pigmented in people of color)
A small pink or elevated growth (crusted indentation in center, raised edges, may bleed)
A scar-like area (often with poorly defined borders)
A wart-like growth (may crust or bleed)
The precancers that dermatologists find daily, called actinic kera-toses, start out pink or red and scaly, “and they’re typically where we’ve had the most sun,” Stolman says.
A good takeaway is to look for the “ugly duckling,” says Kelly Nelson, M.D., a board-certified dermatologist and professor of dermatology at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center in Houston. “If you have one thing on your skin that is looking or behaving in a way that’s different, that one thing should probably be evaluated by a doctor,” she explains.
Though skin cancer occurs most often in people with fair complexions, Nelson says it can strike anyone, even in patients with very dark skin. Because of misperception that people of color don’t develop skin cancer, they – and their physicians – may not be on the lookout. As a result, skin cancer is often diagnosed at later stage in patients of color. (Several brands of sunscreen – such as Black Girl Sunscreen, Bold Brightening Moisturizer and EltaMD UV Clear – that are now available can protect people with darker skin without leaving a dull white coating.)
PREPARE FOR YOUR NEXT CHECKUP NOW
Skin cancer is of increasing concern as we age. Stolman says today’s precancer may be from sun damage 10 to 20 years ago, but it can also build over time with each exposure. In addition, “with age, our immune system becomes less capable of protecting us from all forms of cancer, including skin cancer.”
Staying on top of your risk positions you to take advantage of breakthrough skin cancer treatments. In February 2024, the Food and Drug Administration approved Amtagvi (lifileucel), the first cellular therapy for advanced melanoma. It follows a number of recent breakthroughs on this form of skin cancer, which accounts for the majority of fatalities from the disease.
I keep a list on my phone of suspicious spots to ask about at my next checkup. If something new appears that I’m especially worried about, I’ll make an appointment right away. It doesn’t hurt to take a photo of anything that looks odd so you can track how it changes over time.
If you don’t already have a dermatologist, it can be a long wait for an opening. Try elsewhere if a practice can’t see you within three months. You can also ask your primary care provider to take an initial look and help with a referral or next steps.
A Dose of Prevention
If you’ve had multiple precancerous or cancerous spots in one area (especially on sun-exposed parts), several therapies can help prevent future cancers. These “field treatments” are intended only for actinic keratoses or superficial skin cancers (early basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas affecting the top layer of skin).
Fluorouracil (5-FU), a topical chemotherapy cream, is applied once or twice a day for several weeks to target cancer cells near the skin’s surface. The treated skin can become red and sensitive until it heals.
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) uses a topical light-sensitive drug that is absorbed into precancerous cells. A special light activates the drug and destroys them. The therapy usually needs to be repeated every Ito 5 years.
Additional therapies for sun damage include fractional laser therapy as well as carbon dioxide laser and chemical peels, which may be less effective.
Abby Alten Schwartz has reported on health and relationships for Wired, Salon and other publications.
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The 2025 Jerry Malloy Negro League Conference in Louisville celebrated Black baseball history with films, panels, and a grave marker dedication, while addressing future challenges of diversity and memory.
By Milton Kirby | Louisville, KY | August 31, 2025
The Society for American Baseball Research (SABR) brought its annual Jerry Malloy Negro League Conference (JMNLC) to Louisville, Kentucky, August 7–9, filling the Galt House Hotel with scholars, historians, fans, and community leaders devoted to preserving the legacy of Black baseball.
This year’s gathering highlighted the cultural and historical depth of the Negro Leagues. Attendees viewed the premiere of I Forgot to Tell You About: The Story of the Cleveland Buckeyes, followed by a panel with former All-Star Kenny Lofton, filmmaker Evelyn Pollard-Gregory, and authors Wayne Pearsall and Vince Guerrieri. The weekend also featured poet Dorian Hairston, a Louisville Baseball History Panel with Harry Rothgerber and Anne Jewell, and a film screening on Black baseball in Nashville.
Historians Gather @ History Museum
Participants enjoyed a tour of the Louisville Slugger Museum & Factory, a reception at the Roots 101 African American Museum, and a Louisville Bats game at Slugger Field. Presenters included longtime researchers such as James Brunson III, Larry McGill, Gary Gillette, Keith Wood, and others who continue to shed light on overlooked chapters of African American baseball.
Honoring Sammy Hughes
The conference closed with a powerful moment on Sunday, August 10, when SABR’s Pee Wee Reese Chapter, working with the Louisville Bats and Louisville Slugger Museum, placed a long-awaited grave marker for Negro Leagues great Sammy Hughes at Louisville Cemetery. Known as “Sammy T,” Hughes was a six-time All-Star second baseman who played with 17 Hall of Fame players (Roy Campanella, Biz Mackey, Mule Suttles, Willie Wells, Josh Gibson, Buck Leonard, Cool Papa Bell, Ray Brown, Ray Dandridge, Turkey Stearnes, Leon Day, Martin Dihigo, Willie Foster, Judy Johnson, Satchel Paige, Hilton Smith, and Jud Wilson), and captured a 1939 Negro National League title with the Baltimore Elite Giants. After his death in 1981, Hughes had lain in an unmarked grave for 44 years.
Dorian Hairston (L) – Chris Jensen (R) JMNLC Speakers
History and Mission
Since its founding in 1998, the Jerry Malloy Negro League Conference has been the only national symposium devoted exclusively to Black baseball history. Named for journalist and historian Jerry Malloy (1946–2000), the event reflects the mission of SABR’s Negro Leagues Committee, founded in 1971, to encourage research into the Negro Leagues, pre-Negro League baseball, and the broader African American impact on the game.
Founders such as Ted Knorr, Dick Clark, Larry Lester, Leslie Heaphy, and Malloy himself envisioned a forum where scholarship, storytelling, and community could meet. Their vision still guides today’s gatherings, with annual presentations, trivia contests, youth scholarships, library grants, and the ongoing Negro Leagues Baseball Grave Marker Project, which has provided headstones for more than 30 forgotten players.
The Future: Carrying the Flame
This year’s conference not only honored history but also raised questions about the future. Organizers acknowledged the challenge of drawing more diverse participants and sustaining momentum at a time when diversity initiatives are under political attack.
“The Malloy is the place where connections are made, and ideas are born,” said committee co-chair Todd Peterson. “Good trouble always has, and always will be, made here.”
Fellow co-chair James Brunson added, “The conference bridges past and present. Nothing is foreign, forbidden, or impossible with this group.”
Looking ahead, leaders emphasized Larry Lester’s “Three R’s” — Recognition, Respect, Redemption— as guiding principles for expanding the conference’s reach while ensuring that the painful history of baseball’s color line remains central to public memory.
In the words of one participant, the Malloy is not simply about baseball statistics or forgotten box scores, but about resisting historical amnesia, confronting injustice, and keeping alive the stories of the players who laid the groundwork for integration and equity in sport.
As Peterson concluded: “We are the keepers of the flame. We must be the bulwark against attempts to whitewash the past.”
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MARTA’s Transit Ambassadors return this Labor Day, guiding riders through busy stations and events. Born during Super Bowl 2019, the program now prepares Atlanta for the 2026 World Cup.
By Milton Kirby | Atlanta, GA | August 27, 2025
As Labor Day weekend approaches, MARTA is once again deploying its Transit Ambassadors across the rail and bus system to help guide travelers through one of Atlanta’s busiest holiday weekends. The program, which began in the lead-up to Super Bowl LIII in 2019, has grown into a cornerstone of MARTA’s customer service strategy.
The Transit Ambassador Program was born out of necessity during Atlanta’s hosting duties for the Super Bowl. With more than half a million fans navigating the city, MARTA saw an opportunity to reimagine how it welcomed riders. Staff members from across the Authority stepped into stations to offer directions, assist with Breeze cards, and provide a human connection that technology alone could not deliver. This personal touch, often missing in large transit systems, has been a key to the program’s success.
Since its inception, Transit Ambassadors have been a fixture at major events. They have guided fans during international soccer tournaments, eased congestion at concerts in State Farm Arena and Mercedes-Benz Stadium, and offered reassurance to new riders during peak travel times.
“This is one of the few programs where you’ll see someone from the executive office standing next to a customer at a faregate, walking them through how to tap in,” said Jon Gordon, MARTA’s Director of Customer Engagement. “It’s a shared effort that reflects our commitment to the rider experience.”
The program stands out because it is powered by MARTA employees themselves. From finance and administration to operations and communications, staffers volunteer for shifts to serve as Ambassadors. They are equipped to troubleshoot faregate issues, guide customers through transfers, and provide quick fixes when ticket vending machines malfunction. In some cases, Ambassadors even carry complimentary tickets to keep riders moving during bottlenecks.
During the recent safety briefing at Chamblee Station, I experienced my own confusion as well as that among riders when no attendants or Ambassadors were on hand to assist. In such situations, attendants and Ambassadors play a crucial role in solving problems, guiding riders through safety procedures, providing reassurance, and ensuring a smooth flow of operations.
Although MARTA showcased its Real-Time Crime Center and Emergency Operations Center — complete with motorcycles, an armored vehicle, and drones — the lack of direct rider support left some passengers struggling at faregates and ticket vending machines.
As I wrote in The Truth Seekers Journal’s coverage of that event, MARTA is generally a safe and reliable system. Still, moments like this remind us that a missing attendant or Ambassador can leave first-time or casual riders with the impression of poor operating standards.
MARTA officials have said the long-term goal is to expand Ambassador coverage beyond major events, precisely to avoid gaps like these.
Rider feedback has helped refine the program. A recently introduced internal app allows Ambassadors to check in at stations, log issues in real time, and coordinate responses more effectively. The combination of technology and human interaction has not only made Atlanta’s transit system more accessible, but also reassured riders that their concerns are being addressed in real time.
Looking ahead, MARTA is considering expanding the program beyond special events. Plans are underway to provide Ambassador coverage during daily peak hours, ensuring regular commuters benefit from the same level of personal assistance as travelers heading to major sporting events or concerts. This expansion aims to fill the gaps in rider support and enhance the overall transit experience.
The timing is crucial. In less than a year, Atlanta will host matches for the 2026 FIFA World Cup, an event expected to draw hundreds of thousands of international visitors. MARTA leadership sees the Ambassador program as central to its readiness plan.
“This is about more than just moving people,” Gordon said. “It’s about making them feel welcome, confident, and connected to the city.”
This Labor Day, MARTA Ambassadors will be on the ground once again — in stations, at faregates, and on platforms — helping riders reach their destinations smoothly. It is a reminder that Atlanta’s transit system is not just about trains and buses, but about the people who power them.
Chit Chat Atlanta Tours launches Labor Day with immersive Black history, Civil Rights, and cultural experiences, offering visitors a powerful way to discover the soul of Atlanta.
By Milton Kirby | Atlanta, GA | August 27, 2025
This Labor Day, Atlanta visitors and residents will have a new way to experience the city’s legacy of resilience, creativity, and pride. Chit Chat Atlanta Tours, a Black woman-owned cultural tourism company, officially launches September 1 with a lineup of immersive experiences spotlighting the city’s Black history, Civil Rights heritage, and modern cultural excellence.
The company, founded by veteran public relations professional and cultural storyteller Carla Morrison, promises more than sightseeing. Through carefully curated routes, guests will walk the streets where Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. once preached, hear the stories of Atlanta’s trailblazers, and taste the flavors of Black-owned restaurants shaping today’s culture.
“Our mission is to preserve legacy, educate all generations, and spotlight the rich culture of Atlanta’s Black community,” said Morrison. “Whether it’s a family reunion, corporate group, or school trip, our tours are soul-stirring journeys designed to honor the past while celebrating the present.”
A Journey Through Atlanta’s Soul
The tours weave together landmarks and hidden gems across the city. Stops include Ebenezer Baptist Church, the King Center for Nonviolent Social Change, Sweet Auburn Avenue, the APEX Museum, Castleberry Hill, Trap City Café, Patchwerk Studios, the Black Music & Entertainment Walk of Fame, and Tyler Perry Studios.
Each experience blends education with entertainment, giving participants “a little bit of trap, a little bit of truth, and a whole lot of Atlanta pride.”
Signature Experiences
Black History & Civil Rights Tour (2–4 hours): Visits Ebenezer, the MLK Historic Site, Sweet Auburn, SCLC, Big Bethel AME, and historic Black-owned businesses.
Reality ATL Restaurant Tour: A culinary journey highlighting Black-owned restaurants and chefs defining the city’s food scene.
The ATL Remix Tour: Designed for tourists interested in music, film, and fame, mixing history with Atlanta’s cultural flair.
HBCU Campus Tour: Explores Atlanta’s Historically Black Colleges and Universities and their enduring impact.
Peachtree Street Tour: Examines Atlanta’s main artery with its blend of business, culture, and contradictions.
Custom Group Tours: Tailored for schools, churches, DEI retreats, and special events.
Tours start at $75 per person, with private and custom packages available. Year-round bookings are expected to peak during Black History Month, Juneteenth, and the summer reunion season.
A Cultural Legacy Reimagined
By blending storytelling, history, and cultural immersion, Chit Chat Atlanta Tours positions itself as more than a tourism venture—it’s a living classroom and cultural celebration. The company is part of a growing movement in Atlanta to recenter the city’s narrative around the voices that built it.
For bookings or more information, visit www.ChitChatCommunications.biz, follow @ChitChatAtlantaTours on Instagram, or call (404) 319-2130.
Negro Leagues star Rap Dixon, a five-tool outfielder from Harrisburg, earned Hall of Fame-worthy praise from legends like Oscar Charleston and dominated globally.
By Ted Knorr & Chris Rainey | Harrisburg, PA | Updated August 22, 2025
On December 12, 2018, at the Negro League Baseball Museum in Kansas City, Missouri, Museum President Bob Kendrick, with historian Jay Caldwell, announced the Negro League Centennial Team. The team was a key part of the Museum’s celebration in 2020 of the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Negro Leagues. The team of 30 players, a manager, and an owner was to honor the greatest Negro League players of all-time. Of the 19 position players on the team, only one was not already enshrined in the National Baseball Hall of Fame in Cooperstown, New York — Herbert Alphonso “Rap” Dixon.
Further affirmation of Rap Dixon’s greatness was provided 70 years earlier when in 1949, the greatest of all Negro League outfielders, Oscar Charleston, was asked by a reporter from the Philadelphia Evening Bulletin for his all-time Negro League lineup, Charleston, whose career began before the Negro Leagues were organized, and ended several years after their demise as a major league, offered his team. In the outfield, he placed future Hall of Famers Martin Dihigo in left and Cristobal Torriente in right … between that pair, at his old position of center field, he inserted Rap Dixon. High praise indeed for a lesser-known player among the pantheon of Negro League stars.
A 6-foot-1, 185-pound dynamo who batted and threw right-handed, and played all three outfield positions, Dixon was a classic five-tool player: hitting for both power and average, running, fielding, and throwing. He also had a knack for performing well on the big stage. During his 16-year career, he was a key player on great teams in the Negro Leagues as well as in offseason leagues and a tour of Japan.
Herbert Alphonso Dixon was born on September 15, 1902, in Kingston, Georgia, about 56 miles northwest of Atlanta. He was the first of John and Rosa Goodwin Dixon’s five children. Herbert and his younger brother Paul (also a future Negro League outfielder) developed their rudimentary baseball talents in Georgia’s rural farm country.
Photo courtesy of Phillip Dewey – Rap Dixon
Just before the First World War, Rosa’s brother Oliver P. Goodwin accepted a position in Steelton, Pennsylvania, as pastor of the First Baptist Church. Steelton lies along the Susquehanna River south of the state capital of Harrisburg. Shortly thereafter, additional Dixon and Goodwin families, including John and Rosa Dixon, headed north for greener pastures, joining approximately 1.6 million African Americans opting to leave the South as part of the Great Migration.
The Dixon and Goodwin families settled on Adams Street near Uncle Oliver’s church. Just down the street was the Hygienic School for Colored Children, where Herbert began formal education. He graduated from eighth grade on May 23, 1919, before matriculating at Steelton High School. Herbert’s extracurriculars, in addition to baseball, included boxing, football, and playing the trumpet in the school band. In addition, Herbert worked part-time in the steel mill once he was old enough. According to Chappie Gardner: “[Dixon] got his wonderful strength of arms and shoulder from throwing pig iron billets at the crane operators in the steel mills.”
Herbert Dixon completed only two years of high school. Purportedly, Dixon’s schooling ended, and his “career in baseball started one day when his high school science teacher announced that the class was going to dissect a cat. Dixon, feeling squeamish, exited quickly and went straight to a sporting goods store; with the money he had earned working weekends at the Bethlehem Steel Company, he purchased a glove and bat, took a train to Atlantic City, and joined the Bacharach Giants.” Neither Seamheads.com nor Baseball-Reference.com lists him playing any games with the Giants that year.
By 1919, Dixon became a regular with Steelton’s semipro Keystone Giants. On May 31, the Harrisburg Telegraph announced that “Dixon, the Giants new shortstop, played fast ball and made two healthy swats” in an 8-3 victory over the Middletown White Sox. Dixon usually batted leadoff and was one of the team’s stars, even at age 16.
Perhaps the biggest game for young Herbert with Steelton came on July 16, 1921, at Harrisburg’s Island Park, when they took on the best of the local semipro clubs — Colonel W. Strothers’ Harrisburg Giants. The upstart Steelton club held a 9-4 lead into the bottom of the eighth inning before the more polished Harrisburg team rallied and eventually won the game in the 10th. Dixon played shortstop, batted third, and had two hits in the loss.
Herbert Dixon was briefly with the Keystone Giants in early May 1922 before Colonel Strothers recruited him. Dixon’s debut with Harrisburg occurred on May 20 against the powerful Hilldale Club when he stroked one hit in three at-bats with a run and a ribbie in a 5-3 loss. By mid-June, Dixon was the Harrisburg center fielder. When the veteran fly hawk, Jess Barbour, returned to the lineup, Dixon mainly played right field. Over the summer, he continuously upped his place in the batting order from eighth to fourth. The 1922 season ended on an unhappy note for Harrisburg as they lost their city title in a nine-game series against the fast Motive Power semipro team.
As the 1923 season dawned, Colonel Strothers struggled to find talent for his independent team competing against 14 teams in two leagues. These difficulties were eased when E.B. Lamar of the New York Bacharach Giants joined Harrisburg’s administrative team and brought with him several outstanding players, including outfielder Fats Jenkins, second baseman Dick Jackson, and pitchers Harold Treadwell and Nip Winters. In addition, Strothers brought in William Pettus of the Richmond Giants to anchor the infield at first and to manage the team.
By early 1923, Dixon’s nickname began to appear in print. There are two suggestions as to its origin. One supposes it was derived from the Rappahannock River, which flows through Virginia. How this relates to him is unclear. Sportswriter Chester L. Washington offered a more plausible suggestion: that it grew out of Dixon’s hitting ability while still in high school.
Washington claimed, “Rap hits the old apple with the same degree of force that made William Tell famous.”
The Giants’ primary opponent in 1923 was again the local Motive Power team. John Brackenridge, Motive Power’s manager, threw down the gauntlet in the offseason saying he had “signed the same aggregation of stars that annexed the City championship from Strothers’ Harrisburg Giants.” Unlike 1922, where the Giants got off to a slow start losing 11 of their first 17 contests, the 1923 Harrisburg team captured a dozen victories in their initial 17 games. They faced Ben Taylor’s Washington Potomacs nine times and emerged with six wins.
Dixon started the season slowly at the plate before being sidelined most of July with an undisclosed illness. It was a harbinger of the future for Dixon, who would be haunted by injury and illness during his career. He had powerful arms, but author James Riley called attention to his spindly legs. Riley also suggests that drinking was an issue with Dixon, especially later in his career.
The season culminated, as it had the previous year, with a series against Motive Power. The Giants dropped the opener, 7-4, on the Island Park field. Dixon’s bat led the team to an 8-3 victory in the second game. The remainder of the series was dominated by Giant’s pitcher Nip Winters, who captured three complete-game wins.
During the offseason, the Giants joined the ECL and signed Oscar Charleston to guide the team. Charleston arrived in Harrisburg on March 3, 1924. Immediately, he and Strothers began building a ballclub that Charleston thought could be a dark-horse contender. Retained were outfielders Dixon, Jenkins, and Barbour, and five others. Charleston brought four pitchers with him from the Indianapolis ABCs. Other fresh faces included first baseman Edgar Wesley from the Detroit Stars and pitcher Slim Branham. The new manager gushed about the potential he saw. “We got the stuff, boy, we got the stuff.”
The season began on April 19 with a non-league contest versus the York White Roses, featuring Del Bissonette. The Giants lost a close encounter, 3-1, and Dixon appeared as a defensive replacement for Dick Jackson, the second baseman. Charleston started in right field. Dixon saw little action early in the season as Jackson held down right field. At 21, Rap was the youngest member of the team and may not have won Charleston’s favor yet.
Dixon’s chance to impress came in early June in New York against the Lincoln Giants at the Catholic Protectory Grounds. In a doubleheader victory, he supplied five hits off a quartet of hurlers. By late June, Dixon had cemented his place in right field, joining Jenkins (left) and Charleston (center).
The trio was soon dubbed the “million-dollar outfield” and played together through the 1927 season. Combined, they posted a stellar .351 batting average (898-for-2559) in their time together. The trio is one of only 12 outfield groups that played four or more years together while featuring a future Hall of Famer. Local sportswriter Wellington “Welly” Jones said, “There is no better outfield than Dixon, Charleston, and Jenkins.”
While Dixon maintained his hold on the right-field spot, he hit only .259 in ECL action. His first ECL home run came on July 15 off Brooklyn’s Pud Flournoy. Jenkins batted .336, and Charleston dominated league pitching with 15 home runs and a .405 average. A revolving door at third base and a struggling pitching staff doomed the Giants to a 30-31 mark.
The following season, 1925, was the Harrisburg Giants’ high-water mark. Charleston captured his second consecutive triple crown (.427/20/97 in a 73-game ECL season). Jenkins hit .317 and scored 82 runs, while Dixon made his presence known, hitting .352/8/53. The team finished second (48-24-1, .664) behind Hilldale. The outfield trio was honored with both Charleston and Dixon being named first team All-East, and Jenkins as an honorable mention in left.
That fall, Dixon accepted an invitation from Hilldale’s Biz Mackey and joined the Philadelphia Royal Giants in the California Winter League. The team won the season’s second half with an overall record of 24-15-3. Dixon batted just .271 and usually was in the bottom of the order. He struck four hits as the Royal Giants swept the White King Soapsters in a three-game postseason battle.
The Royal Giants remained in the West after the Winter League season, playing local semipro squads and PCL teams. Dixon hit well in these exhibitions, although the most significant impression his bat made was on the head of Portland catcher Frank Tobin. In a game on March 19, Dixon swung and missed but knocked Tobin unconscious. The team wrapped up their stay in California in early April.
His fine 1925 season made Dixon a star. New York Giants manager John “Muggsy” McGraw told the press that winter that, “If that boy Dixon was not so black, I could make a Cuban out of him and the National League would have another star to talk about. He is, without question, one of the greatest outfielders in the United States.” Despite the glowing praise, Colonel Strothers listened to offers from Rube Foster that might have sent Dixon to Chicago.
In the 1926 season, Dixon again put up nice stats, .323/6/40, while playing 47 of the 49 league games. Charleston’s numbers dipped dramatically, and John Beckwith led the team with a .330 average. Perhaps it was his off-year or maybe the pitching staff’s 5.00 ERA, but, as his biographer Jeremy Beer notes, Charleston “increasingly edged into hotheadedness as the year dragged on.” The manager’s attitude rubbed off on his players. Dixon tried to fight an umpire in Baltimore. Shortstop Rev Cannady went further by slugging an umpire in the jaw. The team finished fourth in the ECL at 27-22.
When the ECL season ended, Dixon again joined Mackey in California. He joined a spectacular lineup featuring holdovers Mackey and Bullet Joe Rogan, plus Turkey Stearnes, Willie Wells, and Andy Cooper. After a decent (9-8) first half, the Royal Giants added Bill Foster. The team caught fire, winning 13 of 14 second-half decisions to capture the playoff qualifying title. In the playoffs, they split four games but failed to capture the official league title when the deciding fifth game with Shell Oil was never played.
Dixon batted .349 — third in the league behind Stearnes (.387) and Shell’s Bob Jones (.361) while leading the league in games and doubles. He finished second on the team (and league) in hits to Stearnes. As in the previous winter, he was the team’s left fielder.
After the season, Philadelphia Royal Giants owner/promoter Lonnie Goodwin desired to take the squad on a tour of Japan, Korea, and the Hawaiian Islands. With the core of his team under contract to Negro League teams such plans were not without controversy. Ownership threatened a five-year suspension on any Negro Leaguers who failed to show for spring training. Of the 14 players on the Winter League team only five risked the potential punishment — Mackey, Cooper, Dixon, Frank Duncan, and Neal Pullen.
On March 9, Goodwin and his team set sail on the La Plata Maru to Yokohama, Japan. The touring Royal Giants were not the same team that had participated in the California Winter League, but they remained a formidable unit. They arrived in Japan on March 29 to begin a 27-game schedule (22 games in Japan; 5 in Korea).
The major-league tour of Japan in 1934, featuring Babe Ruth, was highly influential in the birth of the Nippon Professional Baseball League. Writers also credit the two earlier Negro League tours for creating a love for the game in Japan. In his study of Ruth’s tour, Robert K. Fitts notes that the “Negro Leaguers conducted themselves far better than their white counterparts.” Years of barnstorming had taught them not to embarrass an opponent with antics or running up the score.
The tour opened on April 1 in Tokyo against the Keio University’s Mita Club, which five years earlier had defeated the Herb Hunter All-Stars, 9-3. The Mita Club fell, 2-0, to Cooper, and then Mackey beat them, 10-6, the following day. No box score exists for the opener, but Dixon went three for three with a double, a walk, and a sac fly in the second game. He followed that performance with a five-for-five day (including a triple and double) in cavernous Koshien Stadium.
The Japanese fans were in awe of Dixon’s bat, speed, and throwing arm. Dixon’s eighth consecutive hit was a mere appetizer for his next feat. Koshien Stadium had been built in 1924 with a left-center-field gap that measured 128 meters (420 feet). No native batter had hit or cleared the fence, but on April 6, Dixon smashed a ball that ricocheted off the wall for a triple. Dixon next wowed the fans at Jingu Stadium on April 28 after a 14-0 win. He stood at home plate and threw balls on target to players in the left-field seats.
After Emperor Hirohito commemorated the Japanese tour of Dixon and his mates by presenting them with a trophy, the team headed for Korea. Dixon pitched the May 19 game in present-day Daegu, picking up the victory, 14-2. From there, the team traveled to Honolulu, where they played for two weeks before heading back to the mainland. The threatened lengthy suspension had been reduced to approximately two weeks by ECL President Isaac Nutter.
Dixon finally returned to Harrisburg on July 22. Things were vastly different with the Giants as Oscar Charleston was being dealt to the Hilldale club, and John Beckwith was the manager. Charleston’s departure fell through, and he took the field with Dixon against a Brooklyn Royal Giants team rattled from an auto accident en route to the game.
Brooklyn’s late arrival and a rain shower held the game to just four-and-a-half innings with Harrisburg on top, 8-7. Dixon had a hit and scored a run while batting in the seventh spot and playing his traditional right field. Harrisburg had finished the first half with a 25-20 mark. They were 0-3 in the second half before the victory over Brooklyn. With their million-dollar outfield again intact, the team finished second and posted a 13-8 record after Dixon’s return. Dixon hit .282 in 21 league games.
Dixon returned to the California League that winter, but circumstances were far different than the previous year. A second Black team was entered, called the Cleveland Stars, with a roster that included Dixon’s former Royal Giants teammates Stearnes, Newt Allen, Crush Holloway, and Wells. In addition, Commissioner Landis had imposed restrictions on major leaguers playing in the circuit.
Besides the newly minted Stars, the Royal Giants’ main competition came from Pirrone’s All-Stars. Anchored by Babe Herman and Bob Meusel, Pirrone’s squad beat Dixon’s team early in the campaign, but then Herman and Meusel stopped play to comply with Landis’s edict. After their departure, the All-Stars faded, and the Royal Giants ran away with the title.
After his shortened season with Harrisburg, Dixon exploded in California. His .380 batting average was second in the league behind teammate Jess Hubbard (.442). He exhibited power with a league-leading six doubles and three triples in just 79 at-bats. His five home runs were second to Stearnes’ seven.
Dixon played with the Cleveland Giants in California in 1928-29. His .360 average was only sixth on the team. After a winter in Cuba, Dixon returned to California in 1930-31 with the Royal Giants. In five seasons on the coast, he batted .326 (156-479) and had 21 home runs.
Citing poor attendance, Colonel Strothers disbanded his Harrisburg team in March 1928. Dixon signed with the Baltimore Black Sox and turned in two of the finest seasons ever seen in baseball. In 1928, he posted a line of .398/13/58. They were nearly Triple Crown numbers had teammate Jud Wilson not hit .399 (.0006 points separated them). He also led the circuit with 34 walks. Using modern statistics, he posted an OPS of 1.180 and an OPS+ of 190.
The following year found the team in the American Negro League, where they captured the flag in both halves and posted a league (ANL) best 55-25 mark. In 76 games, Dixon produced even better numbers: .415/16/92. His OPS rose to 1.204 and his OPS+ to 191. Dixon’s marvelous season was jeopardized in July when he was beaned in a game with the Homestead Grays. He fearlessly returned to the lineup the next day and proceeded to rap out 14 consecutive league hits during the week. The streak started against the Grays and culminated on July 28 when he collected eight hits in a doubleheader versus Hilldale. The major-league record for consecutive hits is 12.. Including two walks against the Grays, he had 16 consecutive on-base appearances, which is bested only by Piggy Ward’s 17 in 1893.
Dixon did not go west in the offseason, opting instead to play in Cuba with Almendares. He displayed his power and speed, leading the league in stolen bases (19) and the team with five home runs. (Mule Suttles led the league with seven.)
Dixon entered the 1930 season as a 27-year-old, with his prime years ahead of him. Rather than improving on the two impressive seasons, he tailed off and found himself packing bags to go from team to team. He opened 1930 with the Black Sox and played the first Negro League games at Yankee Stadium in a doubleheader versus the Lincoln Giants on July 5.
Dixon had a reputation for saving his best for big occasions. He opened the scoring in the first game with a home run in the first inning off Bill Holland, but the Giants prevailed easily, 13-4. In the second game, Dixon again homered in the first, then added an inside-the-park blow to deep left-center in the third as Baltimore won, 5-3.
There were 15 Black ballclubs in 1930: nine in the NNL and six Eastern Independent teams. The competition between the two leagues led to players jumping from one circuit to the other. Dixon was one of three big names (with Suttles and Jenkins) to leave the Black Sox as he skipped to the NNL Chicago American Giants. He hit .305 with eight home runs in 49 games for Baltimore and Chicago.
Dixon opened the 1931 season playing left field for the Hilldale club that featured Mackey and Martin Dihigo. He struggled to a .226 average in 44 games before joining the Black Sox late in the season. In 1932, he reunited with manager Oscar Charleston with the Pittsburgh Crawfords. He wowed the fans at Greenlee Field on May 28 with a single and double, two stolen bases, and four runs scored in a 13-4 win over Birmingham. The Crawfords featured 20-year-old catcher Josh Gibson, whose eight home runs took the team title over Dixon’s seven home runs.
Dixon married Rosa (aka Rose) Yarbrough in August 1931 in Richmond, Virginia. The couple was divorced in October 1934, also in Richmond. The decree listed desertion as the cause and noted that Rap had not contested the proceedings. Dixon’s death certificate shows a second wife, Edith Dixon.
Dixon joined the independent Philadelphia Stars in 1933 and came out slugging. He hit a robust .360, finishing second on the team to Jud Wilson (.376). The Stars finished out of contention with a 22-13 mark. Fans rewarded Dixon with a spot on the East roster in the first East-West All-Star game. While the East squad lost 11-7, Dixon had a strong game, going 1-for-3 with a walk, sacrifice fly, and stolen base against Bill Foster.
In November 1933, Dixon joined Josh Gibson and league players on a boat trip to San Juan, Puerto Rico. The players formed a team that the Pittsburgh Courier called the Ramirez Stars. Following the Puerto Rican season, Dixon and Gibson joined the Concordia team from Venezuela. Dr. Leyton Revel and Luis Munoz list Dixon with 21 at-bats with Concordia. It has often been suggested that Dixon injured his back badly during the winter of 1933-34. Concordia played in four series, one of them going nine games, so it appears (from his limited at-bats) that Dixon was injured while with this team. We can further pinpoint the timing by noting that the Philadelphia Tribune reported a trade offer of Cool Papa Bell for Dixon in early February 1934. News of a serious injury had presumably not made its way back to the States by that time.
In the spring of 1934, the Philadelphia Stars released Dixon while he was in the hospital. Was he being treated for the back injury that plagued him the remainder of his life? Dixon’s numbers when he returned to action from 1934-37 indicate a severe downturn. He batted .272 in those seasons, 50 points below his career average.
The Baltimore Black Sox entered the NNL for the second half of the 1934 campaign, and Dixon served as their player/manager. Confident in his recovery, he used himself as a utilityman, even playing third base in a win over the Homestead Grays. That was one of just three wins the team earned. As a manager, he won praise for his work with the young, unknown players, including rookie Leon Day. Dixon’s reputation was rewarded with a spot on the East roster in the All-Star Game. He replaced Vic Harris midgame and went 1-for-2 in the East’s classic win, 1-0.
The following year the Brooklyn Eagles’ Ben Taylor invited Dixon to training camp in Gadsden, Alabama. Soon after his arrival, Dixon was referred to a dentist who discovered four infected molars. Once they were removed, Dixon’s health improved remarkably, and he showed flashes of his athletic talent.
Dixon split the season with Brooklyn and the New York Cubans, batting .301. The Cubans were the second-half champions and faced the Crawfords in the championship. In the spotlight for the final time in his career, Dixon responded by leading all hitters with a .421 average and 1.079 OPS, but was on the losing side.
He joined the Grays in 1936, then finished with a few games with the Crawfords in 1937. He joined the all-star contingent, often labeled the Ciudad Trujillo team, which captured the crown in the Denver Post tournament that August. He played sparingly in the games, quite possibly managing the team. Upon leaving that team, the 35-year-old returned home to Steelton. Dixon took a job with Bethlehem Steel, then in the 1940s, he took a job with the county. Later, he operated a pool hall in Steelton.
While his professional days were over, Rap Dixon still played with Harrisburg area semipros. But mostly he dreamed of bringing the NNL back to Harrisburg. To that end, he became a great advocate for the game in his area, throwing his support and reputation behind numerous efforts to keep the sport alive during the Depression and ensuing war years. This included managing an American Legion team in 1940 and an integrated semipro team.
In 1943 Dixon made an unsuccessful run as a Republican nominee for constable. After the election defeat and a burglary at his pool hall, he left Steelton for greener pastures in Detroit, supposedly for a job coaching a baseball team. A heart attack hospitalized him on July 18, followed by his death on July 20. His body was returned to Harrisburg for funeral services that were attended by his parents, two brothers, a sister, and other family and friends. On June 8, 2007, a citizen’s group dedicated a fitting grave marker in the Midland Cemetery where he had been laid to rest. The Orioles sent Paul Blair and Curt Motton to honor the former Baltimore Black Sox.
Sources
Unless otherwise cited, Rap Dixon’s baseball statistics were compiled by SABR members Gary Ashwill and Kevin Johnson and are available at Seamheads.com. Extensive use of the Harrisburg newspapers provided background. Ancestry.com provided extensive family background information, complemented by 10 years of research and family interviews conducted by Ted Knorr.
Howard University President Ben Vinson III will step down on August 31 after less than two years. Former President Wayne Frederick returns as interim leader during the transition.
By Milton Kirby | Washington, D.C. | August 22, 2025
Howard University announced Friday that President Ben Vinson III will step down on August 31, less than two years into his tenure as the school’s 18th president. His departure comes just days into the start of the fall semester at the historically Black university in Washington, D.C.
Vinson, who assumed office in September 2023, said in a statement that he intends to spend more time with his family while continuing his research.
“Over the course of my tenure as president, I have worked with unwavering commitment to advance the strategic vision I believe best serves the future of this institution, including in the areas of AI, data science and analytics, and global and diasporic engagement,” Vinson said. “My foremost priority has always been the well-being and success of this community, and I remain committed to ensuring a smooth and constructive transition.”
The university’s Board of Trustees praised Vinson’s leadership while announcing that Wayne A. I. Frederick, the school’s former president, will come out of retirement to serve as interim president beginning September 1.
Courtesy Howard University – President Ben Vinson
“On behalf of the Howard University Board of Trustees, we extend our sincere gratitude to Dr. Vinson for his service and leadership,” said board chair Leslie D. Hale. “Given our focus and commitment, the board has selected an interim president who is uniquely equipped to serve the university during this time of transition.”
Frederick previously served as Howard’s 17th president from 2014 to 2023, a period marked by record fundraising, campus modernization, and expansion of student support services. His deep ties to Howard include three degrees from the university. The board said his return would ensure “stability, continuity, and continued progress” as Howard undergoes a nationwide search for its 19th president.
Vinson’s departure is one of the shortest presidencies in the school’s 158-year history. The university did not provide a reason beyond his personal statement, but the change comes as Howard faces several challenges. Recent reporting by the student newspaper, The Hilltop, highlighted frustrations over student account billing errors and limited housing availability. Meanwhile, federal funding battles have placed Howard under financial pressure, with recent attempts to cut the university’s congressional appropriation by tens of millions of dollars. These challenges have put a strain on the university’s leadership and resources.
At the same time, Howard has celebrated historic achievements. In February, the university became the first HBCU to earn Carnegie’s coveted Research One classification, a prestigious designation that reflects its significant growth in research spending and doctoral programs. Enrollment has also surged, topping nearly 15,000 students last fall—up from fewer than 10,000 in 2019.
Despite the sudden leadership transition, Howard officials stressed that the university’s mission remains firm. “Together with our community, we are unwavering in our commitment to build on the university’s positive momentum and accelerate its upward trajectory,” Hale said. This reassurance underscores the continuity of Howard’s values and goals.
Frederick will serve until a permanent successor is selected following a nationwide search.
The Negro National League’s first game on May 2, 1920, marked a historic turning point for Black baseball, led by visionary founder Rube Foster.
By Milton Kirby | Atlanta, GA | Updated August 22, 2025
On May 2, 1920, thousands gathered at Washington Park in Indianapolis, Indiana. They came to witness a moment that would change baseball forever. That day, the Negro National League (NNL) played its first official game. The Indianapolis ABCs beat the Chicago American Giants 4 to 2. Between 6,000 and 8,000 fans filled the stands, making history together.
The man behind it all was Andrew “Rube” Foster. A former star pitcher and manager, Foster dreamed of a league for Black players. At the time, Black athletes were banned from white baseball leagues due to segregation. Foster wanted to give them a stage of their own. His goal was simple but powerful: create a profession for Black players that paid well and made the race proud.
Earlier that year, Foster met with team owners at a YMCA in Kansas City. Together, they formed the Negro National League. Foster boldly declared, “We are the ship, all else the sea.” He became the league’s first president.
The NNL began with eight teams: the Chicago American Giants, Chicago Giants, Indianapolis ABCs, Cuban Stars, Detroit Stars, Dayton Marcos, St. Louis Giants, and the Kansas City Monarchs. While other Negro Leagues had been attempted in the past, none had lasted. Foster made sure this league was different. He worked 15-hour days and even loaned his own money to keep teams going. He shifted players between teams to keep games exciting and fair. He believed in excellence and often reminded players always to be ready, because integration would come one day.
The energy at that first game was electric. Though the American Giants lost, they would later become league champions. And the game itself lit a fire in Black communities across the country. Baseball was the favorite sport of the day. Just like football and basketball are now, Black baseball was the heart of the community. People gathered on weekends to cheer for their local teams in small towns and big cities. The game was easy to play and cheap to set up. All you needed was a bat, a ball, and some open land.
Negro League games were full of energy, speed, and flair. Stars like Satchel Paige wowed crowds with their talent and showmanship. Paige, a tall and confident pitcher, sometimes made his outfield sit down while he struck out batters. “Cool Papa” Bell, one of the fastest men in the sport, could steal two bases on one pitch. Josh Gibson, known as the “Black Babe Ruth,” hit home runs over 575 feet. Oscar Charleston, called the “Black Ty Cobb,” thrilled fans with speed and power.
But life in the Negro Leagues wasn’t easy. Players faced racism daily. They couldn’t eat in most restaurants or stay in white-owned hotels. Some slept on the bus for days. Ted Radcliffe once said, “We didn’t get a chance sometimes to take a bath for 3 or 4 days because they wouldn’t let us.”
Still, the league brought people together. By the 1940s, Black-owned ballparks were places of pride and celebration. Owners gave back to the community, raising money for civil rights causes and Black colleges.
Then came 1947. Jackie Robinson joined the Brooklyn Dodgers and broke the color barrier. Within five years, more than 150 players from the Negro Leagues had joined Major League Baseball. Without its stars and with fewer fans, the Negro Leagues faded away.
But what they built was lasting. The first game on May 2, 1920, wasn’t just a win for the ABCs. It was a win for Black history, sports, and the fight for equality. Rube Foster’s dream came true and paved the way for future generations.
MARTA’s safety briefing showcased advanced crime-fighting tools, but my frustrating experience finding the event revealed lapses in accessibility, raising concerns about rider assistance and emergency readiness.
By Milton Kirby | Atlanta, GA | August 21, 2025
The Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority (MARTA) Police Department invited reporters Thursday to its Chamblee rail station for a press conference on safety and security, including a tour of the Real-Time Crime Center (RTCC) and Emergency Operations Center (EOC). But for at least one attendee, the effort to highlight safety underscored a different problem: accessibility.
I arrived at the station around 9:35 a.m., well ahead of the 10 a.m. start time. With no signs directing the press to the proper entrance, I approached the east side of the station near New Peachtree Road and attempted to use one of the white assistance phones. It did not work. I tried a nearby blue police phone—also dead.
Photo by Milton Kirby – MARTA Team Addressing Media
After several minutes of circling, I spotted a uniformed officer inside the fare gate. The officer was courteous, but admitted he was not assigned to the press detail. He radioed his dispatcher for guidance, only to be told that they had no information on where the briefing was being held. I expected more of an effort to help. I then walked the station’s perimeter, still with no luck.
From about 9:40 to 10:20, I searched for assistance. I called MARTA’s help line, where an agent transferred me to customer service—without response. It was not until a MARTA researcher, who happened to park at the station, escorted me that I finally found the briefing area. Ironically, the event was staged in the same lot where she normally parked, which had been closed off.
Along the way, I encountered a young rider whose MARTA card showed a zero balance. To help, I gave her my own card so she could make it to work. That’s what community looks like.
Photo by Milton Kirby – RealTime Crime Center
Chief Scott Kreher, who addressed the media, had stressed in the press release that “hundreds of MARTA police officers patrol rail stations, trains, buses, and parking lots 24-hours a day… responding immediately when someone breaks the law.” Yet on Thursday, even with police nearby, help proved elusive.
This was particularly disappointing given my history with the system. Since I arrived in Atlanta in 1983, I have been a regular MARTA patron, boarding and or exiting from every station in the system except Bankhead. At one point, when my office was located on Forsyth Street in downtown Atlanta, I boarded at Indian Creek and arrived at Five Points just 22 minutes later—a testament to the convenience MARTA can provide.
Over the decades, I have also been a vocal advocate for the transit system because I understand the need for affordable and reliable transportation. To MARTA’s credit, since requesting to be added to the media distribution list, I have consistently received communications—both favorable and not so—which reflects a degree of transparency. I continue to believe MARTA is, overall, a safe and reliable system. Still, Thursday’s incident was a stark reminder of how lapses in attention to detail can leave a casual or first-time visitor with the impression of poor standards and a lack safety measures.
Photo by Milton Kiby – Emergency Command Center
Once inside, the displays were impressive. The Real-Time Crime Center and Emergency Operations Center showcased MARTA’s technological backbone, while the motorcycles, armored car, and drones demonstrated its ability to respond quickly to investigate incidents.
Chief Kreher later explained that many of the system’s elements are currently being upgraded. Renovations include updated fare collection, station improvements, and new trains designed to ease operations. He was apologetic for the confusion, but I could not help thinking: in an actual emergency, my morning experience “could” have been a matter of life or death. In my view, MARTA failed miserably in that respect.
MARTA police officials used the briefing to emphasize preparations for the busy Labor Day weekend and next summer’s World Cup. But the lack of signage, nonfunctional assistance phones, and scarce direction raised serious questions about how accessible help truly is—for both reporters and riders.
As someone who has seen MARTA evolve since the days of eight-car trains with cushioned seats, I found the morning disheartening. With a press event expected to draw outsiders, the authority could have easily provided clear signage or attendants to guide the way. For everyday riders, however, the stakes are higher than a missed briefing. Needing assistance in an emergency should never mean waiting half an hour for answers—or finding only silence on the other end of the phone.
